Fig. 2 Principal component analyses using ancient and present-day genetic data.
(A)
PCA of ancient and modern Eurasian populations. The ancient steppe
ancestry cline from EHG to Baikal_EN is visible at the top outside
present-day variation, while the YamnayaKaragash_EBA sample has
additional CHG ancestry and locates to the left with other Yamnaya and
Afanasievo samples. Additionally, a shift in ancestry is observed
between the Baikal_EN and Baikal_LNBA, consistent with an increase in
ANE-related ancestry in Baikal_LNBA. (B) PCA estimated
with a subset of Eurasian ancient individuals from the steppe, Iran, and
Anatolia as well as present-day South Asian populations. PC1 and PC2
broadly reflect West-East and North-South geography, respectively.
Multiple clines of different ancestry are seen in the South Asians, with
a prominent cline even within Dravidians in the direction of the
Namazga_CA group, which is positioned above Iranian Neolithic in the
direction of EHG. In the later Turkmenistan_IA sample, this shift is
more pronounced and toward Steppe EBA and MLBA. The Anatolia_CA, EBA and
MLBA samples are all between Anatolia Neolithic and CHG, not in the
direction of steppe samples.
